INTRODUCTION:

Energy prices have increased at an alarming rate, and interest in environmental responsibility is at an all-time high. Many organizations are looking for ways to conserve energy, reduce carbon emissions, and save on overall utility costs.

While total energy management is very complex, there are some relatively simple strategies that can reduce your company’s energy consumption, lower costs, and advance your conservation goals. Energy conservation refers to the reducing of energy consumption through using less of an energy service. Energy conservation is different from efficient energy use, which refers to using less energy for a constant service. Driving less is an example of energy conservation. Driving the same amount with a higher mileage vehicle is an example of energy efficiency. Energy conservation and efficiency are both energy reduction techniques. Energy conservation is a part of the concept of sufficiency.

Even though energy conservation reduces energy services, it can result in increased environmental quality, national security, personal financial security and higher savings. It is at the top of the sustainable energy hierarchy. It also lowers energy costs by preventing future resource depletion.

Although energy conservation has played an important role in improving the energy efficiency of forest industries in the industrialized world, it has received less attention by those industries in the developing countries. For these countries, energy conservation would be especially important since most of them spend large amounts of valuable foreign currency on their fuel imports.

The Government of India set up Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE). The mission of the Bureau of Energy Efficiency is to help in developing policies and strategies with a thrust on self-regulation and market principles, within the overall framework of the Energy Conservation Act, 2001 with the primary objective of reducing energy intensity of the Indian economy.

BEE co-ordinates with designated consumers, designated agencies and other organizations and recognize, identify and utilize the existing resources and infrastructure, in performing the functions assigned to it under the Energy Conservation Act. The Energy Conservation Act provides for regulatory and promotional functions.

In this paper different energy parameters for energy saving are selected and by using different strategies energy consumption in the organization has minimized.

LITERATURE REVIEW:

Biswajit Biswas et al. (Department of AEIE, Murshidabad College of Engineering and Technology, India) studied the energy conservation in lighting system with the replacement of illumination scheme as there is an increasing demand of energy in all sectors in India in the research paper of Conservation of Energy: a Case Study on Energy Conservation in Campus Lighting in an Institution.

Anupama Gupta et al. studied common aspects of electrical energy management and various phase of energy audit to reduce energy requirements and hence, the total cost spent towards energy consumption in their paper a review on energy management and audit.

Matteo Dongellini et al. presented the results of a preliminary energy audit carried out on 8 large industrial buildings of a famous car manufacturing holding in Italy. The energy audit enabled to build a specific factory energy model which has been used in order to analyze the impact of various energy saving actions on the primary energy consumptions of the site.

Pietro Finocchiaro et al. presented an innovative compact desiccant cooling system for small scale applications. The core component is a new desiccant bed consisting in a ordinary finned and tube air-water heat exchanger with air gaps between the fins filled with silica-gel grains. This component allows simultaneous mass and heat transfer, permitting to dehumidify and cool the processed air.

ENERGY SAVING OPPORTUNITIES

There are different energy parameters where we can save energy in the organization.

Audit parameters

1) Energy saving by efficient lightening

Table 1.1: Replacement of hpmv lamp with led lights

250w hpmv	80w led
400w hpmv	120w led
125w hpmv	60w led
72w cflsq.fitting	40w led

Table: 1.2 Existing lightening details

Table 1.3: Proposed lightening details

Audit observation:

Led lamp life is 50,000 years (if we use the led light 10hrs/day this would be 13.7 years)
Payback period is 14.97 months

Hence we suggested LED lights for energy.

Audit parameters

2) Energy saving in air conditioner

Before installing Aircosaver total energy consumed by air conditioner in an organization.

Fig. 2.3 Air Consumption chart

35 % of Energy consumption Accounts for Air conditioner.

· Through installing Aircosaver

It saves energy up to 30% of the running cost on split, window, ductable and tower air conditioners. It works on an advanced sensor driven software algorithm based on the principle of thermal saturation. It is not a time based unit that merely switches the machine on and off periodically thus compromising comfort and temperature levels. It should neither be compared nor confused with timer based device.

Aircosaver is a genuine energy saver that saves up to 30% in your air conditioning power bill without compromising comfort and temperature levels. By using the product customers are satisfied and proven test results under varying conditions. This revolutionary device usually pays for itself in less than eight months. Every air conditioner should be fitted with one.

Working of Aircosaver

Aircosaver's sensor driven software algorithms are designed to detect thermodynamic saturation and to optimize compressor running. When thermal saturation is detected, Aircosaver switches into "Saving Mode" and turns the compressor off. Aircosaver prevents inefficient overcooling and saves power.

After the compressor is switched off, the fan keeps running, cool air continues to be delivered and the system makes maximum use of the cooling energy stored in the coil. Once the stored energy is depleted, Aircosaver switches the compressor back on and it can work efficiently once again. The room temperature set on the thermostat is reached without the wasteful and inefficient part of the cooling cycle. Remarkable savings are achieved without compromising cooling comfort.

Weather conditions, Aircosaver incorporates dynamic software to constantly adapt its settings to ensure efficient operation of your Air Conditioning system at all times.

Test reports

Room air conditioners a commercially available energy saver for room ACs was procured and measurements were carried out for over 60 hrs, with and without the saver, for a typical 1.5 ton Voltas Vertis AC.

Fig 2.1 AC Load curve for the day without the energy saver for ACs

Fig 2.2 AC Load curve for the day with the energy saver for ACs

From these two graphs energy savings can be observed for room air conditioners by using energy saver.

Table 1.1 Energy saving achieved by installing AIRCOSAVER for 1.5 ton ac

Thus savings of the order of 35-40% was seen when the energy saver was fitted

Audit observation:

· Savings and Payback

At current average rates of power, Aircosaver saves energy and pays for itself in less than 6 to 8 months if the AC is used for 6 to 8 hours a day.

Audit Parameters

3) Energy saving by occupancy sensors

PIR Motion Sensors are energy saving devices which detect any movement based occupancy ( like human movements, opening of a door, movement of a car in a car parking area etc) in their detection area and keep the connected appliance (like air conditioner, lights, fan etc) ON. It turns OFF the connected load when its detection area is vacant, thereby saving considerable amount of energy. It is equipped with the Lux level setting that helps in turning ON/OFF the load as per desired ambient lux level.

Benefits

· Automatic ON/OFF control of appliances along with energy saving.

· Very short payback period of 6 to 9 months depending on connected load and usage.

· Due to elegant and compact design, it merges with the interior design of the area in which it is erected.

· Since all controls like ON time, Lux level setting and sensitivity are provided inside of the product, un-authorised operation of the product is eliminated.

By calculating approximate operational hours in each dept of the plant according to the layout:

Total saving through occupancy sensors - Rs 1,63,883.2

Investment cost of sensors - Rs 3,04,790.06

Payback period - 1.86 months

Fig.3.1 Energy savings through occupancy sensors

Audit parameters

4) Bio gas from kitchen wastage

It has been observed that the kitchen wastage of about 300 kgs (aprox) from the plant canteen.

Fig.3.2 Gas Consumption

Plug and Play Bio digester

AES's anaerobic system is a pre-fabricated modular design that is delivered to site, ready for use. This solution is suitable for small scale feedstock applications. The design specifically aids efficient digestion of kitchen waste which can include cooked food waste, fruit and vegetable peels and used kitchen oil and grease. T3 is an excellent source of alternative fuel and an efficient product for disposal of organic waste, eliminating odor, flies and disposal cost.

At the first stage of the process, the organic waste is shredded and mixed with hot water to form homogeneous slurry. In the next stage, a special consortium of methanogenic bacteria breaks down organic content into biogas, which primarily contains methane and carbon-dioxide. Biogas is stored and utilized as cooking fuel to replace LPG. The digested slurry, rich in inorganic N, P, K is pumped for in-house gardening applications. The fertilizer is free from odour and pathogens and is plant ready. Timely and proper waste disposal while replacing non-renewable fuel with biogas makes this compact, plug and play technology capable of providing significant social, environmental and economic benefits.

T3 (Trash to Treasure)

Project T3 is the demonstration project, which treats mixed organic waste to generate power and bio-fertilizer. T3 is a proof of concept which highlights the technical and commercial viability of biogas solutions. Processing biodegradable waste, using Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion (high rate biomethanation) to demonstrate:

· Waste management

· Energy recovery from methane gas, in the form of heat or electricity

· Use of organic soil amendments (fertilizers) from solid digestate and liquid co-products

· Replacing fossil fuel consumption, thereby promoting use of renewable fuel and cutting considerable cost

Table: 3.1 Details of T3

Wastage Handling per day	LPG Equivalent of bio gas obtained per day	Price of commercial LPG	LPG obtained from T3 per month	Total Amount per month	Total plant investment cost	PAY BACK period
300 kg	15kgs	Rs85/kg	450kgs of LPG	Rs38,250	Rs15,00,000	3.3 years

Key Features of T3

Designed to handle multiple biodegradable feedstock including fruit and vegetable peels, cooked food waste, used kitchen oil/grease, tissue paper and garden waste
Compact design – Plug and Play, quick installation and plant start-up
Modern anaerobic digester to ensure maximum degradation of organics resulting in high biogas yield
Odorless and noiseless performance with little or no maintenance

Design and process, robust to waste fluctuations (both, underfeeding and overfeeding scenarios)
Special culture (bacteria consortium) seeding in the digester for high waste break-down efficiency
Far superior to conventional bio-digesters in terms of overall performance, safety, plant life and efficiency, ease of operation and maintenance, no scum formation.

CONCLUSION:

In present scenario the energy conservation plays an important role. It is because consumption of energy is increasing day by day and the generation is not matching with it. The energy conservation helps in reducing the energy consumption and provides the savings. By adopting proper measures like LED bulbs,aircosaver, occupancy sensor and bio digester in the organization as discussed in the paper energy conservation in different sectors has achieved. Energy awareness in the people is also important to save the energy and minimize the consumption or wastage of energy. If energy audit for the entire plant is conducted the quantitative energy conservation will be more.

REFERENCES:

1. Conservation of Energy: a Case Study on Energy Conservation in Campus Lighting in an Institution; Biswajit Biswas , Sujoy Mukherjee , Aritra Ghosh; Department of AEIE, Murshidabad College of Engineering and Technology, India; International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER). Cleaner Production – Energy Efficiency Manual for GERIAP, UNEP,Bangkok prepared by National Productivity Council

2. A Review On Energy Management And Audit Research Paper; Anupama Gupta ,Pallavi Verma, Richa Priyadarshani; International Journal Of Advanced Research In Electrical, Electronics And Instrumentation Engineering.

3. Energy Audit Of An Industrial Site: A Case Study; Matteo Dongellini , CosimoMarinosci, Gian Luca Morini Department Of Industrial Engineering (DIN), School Of Engineering And Architecture, Alma Mater Studiorum - University Of Bologna, Viale Del Risorgimento , Bologna, Italy At 68th Conference Of The Italian Thermal Machines Engineering Association, ATI2013

4. Innovative Compact Solar Air Conditioner Based On Fixed And Cooled Adsorption Beds And Wet Heat Exchangers; Pietro Finocchiaro, Marco Beccali DEIM - UniversitàDegliStudi Di Palermo, Via DelleScienze Bld. 9, 90128, Palermo, Italy. At SHC 2013, International Conference On Solar Heating And Cooling For Buildings And Industry September 23-25, 2013, Freiburg, Germany.

5. Energy-Saving Operation And Optimization Of Thermal Comfort In Thermal Radiative Cooling/Heating System; Akihiro Satakea, , Hiroaki Ikegamia , YasunoriMitania At 3rd International Conference On Power And Energy Systems Engineering, CPESE 2016, 8-12 September 2016, Kitakyushu, Japan

Received on 26.11.2018 Accepted on 19.12.2018

Int. J. Tech. 2018; 8(2): 79-85.

DOI:10.5958/2231-3915.2018.00011.1